![]() ![]() Most full-feature word processors and page layout applications include an automatic paragraph setting that prevents widows and orphans thus, an orphan is forced to the top of the next page or column and the text line preceding a widow is forced to the next page or column. Sometimes it can also be useful to add non-breaking spaces to the first two (or few) short words of a paragraph to avoid having a single orphaned word placed to the left or right of a picture or table, while the remainder of the text (with longer words) would only appear after the table. In web-publishing, this is typically accomplished by concatenating the words in question with a non-breaking space and, if available, by utilizing the orphans: and widows: attributes in Cascading Style Sheets. Similarly, an orphan word at the end of a paragraph can be relocated by forcing one or more words from the preceding text line into the paragraph line of the orphan. Adding a floating block (figure) to the text, or resizing an existing figure.Īn orphan is more easily deleted, either by inserting a blank line or by forcing a page break to push the orphan line onto the next page, to be part of the paragraph to which the orphan belongs.Adding a pull quote to the text (usual in magazines) and.Reduce the letter-spacing (tracking) of the words.Subtle scaling of the page without distorting the letters.Adjusting the hyphenation within the paragraph. ![]() Adjusting the spacing between words to produce tighter or looser paragraphs.Adjusting the leading, the space between lines of text.Forcing a page break early, producing a shorter page.The techniques for eliminating widows include: In the 16th edition, The Chicago Manual of Style (2011) suggests a new convention to determine which pages may end with the first line of a new paragraph. About the appearance of a page of text, The Chicago Manual of Style indicates that a manuscript should have no orphans or widows, even if their elimination leaves additional blank space at the bottom of the column or the page. ![]()
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